Antao progetti - ingegneria architettura urbanistica servizi design

Centro di promozione della scienza

Località: Belgrado, SRB
Data: 2010
Progetto architettonico: Antao progetti in collaborazione con Mijic architects
Team di progetto: Marcello Dellarosa, Alessandro Gazzoni, Luca Foschi, Roberta Valentini, Elena Sammarini
Progetto delle strutture: Mirko Mancini, Francesco Selva
Mijic architects: Eduard Mijic, Stefano Baldaccioni, Mila Cappello
Landscapes: GSA, Ravenna
Sostenibilità: Cristina Garavelli, Ravenna
Viabilità: Systematica, Cagliari

Urban concept

The nearly vacant lot of Block 39 is one of the few remaining empty blocks in New Belgrade. Its location, right on the main artery connection between Orient and Occident, the Corridor 10, give the Block 39 its extraordinary visibility and it's effect from the distance. The Project for the new Centre for Promotion of Science is based on the historical past of the country and put a sign for a new identity. A new beginning is a starting point, also called "round 0"; a "Reset" of the past, from which
one starts to develop forward. The following four premises were essential to the urban concept:
- 1. The whole complex develops out of the ground, from the "ground 0" as a sign, on one side, of beeing rooted with the own history, and on the other side of resumption / movement that after a period of destruction begins to grow in an self-confident way. The existing building of the Faculty of Drama is embedded in the new structure rising from the bottom and is naturally involved in the project.
- 2. The new center reaches its symbolic effect from the distance, passing the Corridor 10, through the "overlapping" of two bodies emerging from the soil. The "Teleskope" as a technical and scientific tool for exploring new horizons, is thus a symbol of the new center, visible from afar.
- 3. The new researching campus with its more than 150.000qm in total, will be implemented in separate phases of construction. A loose arrangement of towers, that are typologically knotted to the architectural tradition of New Belgrade, underlines the contrast between the horizontality of the ground and the verticality of the upswing.
- 4. The flat, elongated structures of the new campus, developed out of the ground, are accessible for pedestrians and planted. The new project, with its remote interior courtyards on one side, and the accessible roof area on the other, despite the high density of development, offers a kind of park, that go through the transitions from inner to outer and from buildings flowing to the landscape in an almost imperceptibly way.The actual building ties are thereby inserted into the landscape and give the priority to live a green space.
The master plan provides the following uses of the campus:
- Research institutes with approximately 40.000 m2
- Centre for Materials, the Nano Science and Supercomputing Centres with approximately 4.000 mq.
- University parts for Electrical Engegneering, Organisational Science, Mathemathics and Physics with approximately 60.000 mq.
- Gymnasium of Mathematics with approximately 8.000 mq;
- Expansion for the University of Art;
- Science Institute with approximately 40.000 mq.
The individual sections are clearly separated from each other, and guarantee the possibility of implementation in different stages.

Architectural concept

The concept of the new Centre of Promotion of Science has been dominated largely by the following project approaches:
- flexibility;
- the possibility to use different accesses for the individual uses, creating the possibility of simultaneous separate functions;
- clear separation of the four main functions (exhibition areas, club of science, planetarium, conference center).
The overlapping elongated shapes of the building, through their positioning, form a natural center, the entrance courtyard, which is accessible from three sides: either from a covered outdoor area of the stick parallel to the highway, under the horizontal, risen stripe of the auditorium in the forthcoming Boulevard of Art, or through the Science Garden from the street Omladinskih brigada. This nucleus has been designed to provide outdoor events, and is covered with water surfaces, seating steps and pergola-like canopies inviting to linger. This central square is provided with all the accesses to the single areas: auditorium on the south side, Science Center and Planetarium or to the separately developed office area on the north side, Science Garden on the west side, underground parking spaces in the basement. The walkable green roof of the offices provides an additional, separate
entrance, slowly ascending and leading directly to the restaurant. The recognition of the new building is marked in two different ways on the two main entrances: the entrance from the highway is dominated by the "telescope", where the temporary Exhibition area is housed; while the access from the Boulevard of Arts ( access for cars and buses to the underground), attract the attention with the planetariums' sphere behind a high glass facade.
Appears quiet natural the placement of the conference hall inside the ascending stick, where its extension, in a second phase, for the new Science Institute has been designed in a fluent and continuous way.

Green concept

The urban regeneration and reorganization of the Block 39 in Belgrade, are a consequence of an carful observation of the systems of green open spaces created with the urban planning of New Belgrade. The principle of "functional city" supports road network and tall residential buildings, creating a plenty of space for the development of green areas, pedestrian paths, that means environmental quality generally speaking. The existing green area of the Block 39 becomes a generative matrix for the project, creating a close dialogue between open spaces and built spaces, by creating a system of paths and green areas in continuity with the movement of the ground that contains parts of the buildings. Shaped strips of land create the design of the park, create connections between buildings, determine the
continuity between external and internal functions to the new urban plan.
Green becomes the element that defines a new urban space, increasing the value of its recreational function, and amplifying the environmental as well as ecological sustainability of the new Block 39. A large park district houses the main entrance area, that is the heart of the leisure activities of the district, composed by strips to wrap, like the fingers of an hand, the free spaces among the buildings.
The succession of meadows, paths, rests areas and water surfaces and private zones features the lower green areas, generating a sequence of different spaces; the continuity between these private, lower gardens is assured by an external zone beneath the horizontal stripes, that connects the main entrance of the new Centre with the future entrance to the Block 39 from the Boulevard Milutina Milankovica.
The horizontal buildings /stripes are accessible from the external part of the lot, creating a raised path / pensile green, that connects the pedestrian bridges to the different stripes. This mainly public route has the advantage to create an overview of the surrounding of the new Belgrade for the pedestrians. The organization of the park and the gardens generates complementary functions through the careful use of spaces and equipments, as well as the Garden of Science, an outdoor area equipped with findings that encourage people to go inside to play and explore the fields of science.

Structural concept

The building is structurally divided into two bodies, which have both from the static point of view and mainly from the dynamic one, completely different behaviors; both of them exploits the stiffness of reinforced concrete slabs for a rigid bracing system in order to resist to horizontal forces generated by earthquake.
The basement, as the lower part of the body is made by concrete walls, with concrete columns above to support the raised structure made of steel S 450. The part in elevation therefore consists of a frame of beams and pillars, partly tubular and partly as a H-profile, in which the horizontal forces are absorbed on one side by the bracing system made of reinforced concrete staircases, and on the other by reinforced concrete walls properly grounded through tie rods. The highest body, the one which houses the auditorium, is structurally composed of two main reticular beams made of tubular profiles, sizes 800x800x40, of steel S450.
The reticular beams have a maximum height of about 15.50 meters with an asymmetrical development and are able to span both the 36 m of overhang of the "telescope" towards the the highway, and the span of the bridge structure of the auditorium. Both reticular beams are located on one side on two large reinforced concrete walls grounded into the soil through a system of tie rods, on the other through reinforced concrete walls that bound the staircase.
The horizontal structures such as the floors, will be achieved largely through ribbed slabs in reinforced post-tensioned concrete with sliding cables, in order to minimize the deformations; the result is an total deformations of about 90mm, with 80 cm of slab thickness.

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